ADHD & Autism Research 2025: How Parents Can Spot Early Signs
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are two of the most researched neurodevelopmental conditions today. Since 2020, scientific studies have deepened our understanding of how these conditions overlap, how they differ, and, most importantly, how parents can detect early signs to support their child’s development. This guide summarises the latest findings and provides practical steps for early observation.
Latest Research on ADHD & Autism
Overlap and Distinction
Recent research highlights that ADHD and autism share many features, especially in executive function—skills like planning, attention switching, and impulse control (University of Sydney, 2024). However, studies also show unique brain connectivity patterns and genetic markers distinguishing the two conditions (Medical Xpress, 2025).
Spectrum Heterogeneity
Autism is increasingly understood as a spectrum with varied developmental pathways. Children diagnosed early (before age six) may have different genetic and behavioural profiles than those diagnosed later, emphasising the need for tailored interventions (Medscape, 2025).
Early Developmental Pathways
Infant studies reveal subtle behavioural differences long before a formal ASD diagnosis, often appearing before age two. For ADHD, early signs are emerging but less well studied, with delays in executive function being key indicators (Zwaigenbaum et al., 2015). Early sleep patterns and sensory responses may also hint at autism risk (The Times, 2025).
Diagnostics and Delays
Diagnosis often takes months or years, leaving children without support during crucial developmental periods. Co-occurring ADHD and autism further complicate timing, as ADHD symptoms may dominate early assessments (White et al., 2022; UWA, 2023).
Emerging Digital Tools
AI and digital health tools, such as eye-tracking combined with deep learning, are showing promise for early screening and remote detection, although they are not yet widely used in clinical practice (Venkataraman et al., 2025).
Why Early Detection Matters
Detecting ADHD or autism early allows families to access interventions that improve developmental outcomes, including behavioural therapy, speech and language support, occupational therapy, and educational adjustments (Campos et al., 2025). Being observant and proactive, even before a formal diagnosis, can significantly reduce stress and help children thrive.
Recognising Early Signs: Practical Guide for Parents
Autism (ASD)
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Limited eye contact, few social smiles, or reduced shared enjoyment by 12–18 months (Zwaigenbaum et al., 2015).
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Delayed or lost babbling, gestures, or early language skills (Campos et al., 2025).
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Minimal response to their name or difficulty with joint attention.
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Repetitive behaviours or unusual sensory responses, such as strong reactions to sound or texture.
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Delays in motor milestones, atypical gait, or unusual coordination (NY Post, 2025).
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Narrow play interests or intense focus on parts of objects rather than whole-object play.
ADHD
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High activity levels and difficulty sitting still for age-appropriate periods (University of Sydney, 2024).
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Impulsivity and frequent risk-taking behaviours.
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Difficulty following instructions or completing tasks, even when interested.
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Older children may display poor organisation, distractibility, and frequent daydreaming.
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Delays in executive function skills, shared across both ADHD and autism (University of Sydney, 2024).
Overlap Indicators
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Children showing both social/communication differences and attention/impulse control issues may have co-occurring ADHD and autism (White et al., 2022).
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Screening tools must be carefully interpreted, as measures designed for one condition may miss the other (White et al., 2023).
Steps Parents Can Take
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Keep a Development Diary
Record milestones, social interactions, attention, impulses, sensory responses, and sleep patterns. -
Use Screening Tools Early
Consult your GP or paediatrician about questionnaires for ADHD or autism. Early assessment guides early intervention. -
Seek Early Support
While waiting for formal diagnosis, engage in occupational therapy, speech therapy, or behavioural support programs. -
Observe Attention & Executive Function
Note distractibility, task completion, or organisational difficulties. -
Watch Sensory and Motor Development
Atypical gait, coordination, or strong sensory reactions may indicate neurodivergent traits. -
Consult Experienced Clinicians
Choose teams familiar with both ADHD and autism to ensure accurate screening and recommendations. -
Stay Updated on Emerging Tools
AI and remote screening methods are improving accessibility and may become part of early detection.
Conclusion
The latest ADHD and autism research underscores the importance of early observation and intervention. With awareness, structured monitoring, and access to professional guidance, parents can take proactive steps to support their child’s growth and learning. Early detection does not eliminate challenges but equips families with the tools and strategies needed to empower neurodivergent children.
By observing, recording, and engaging with professional and evidence-based supports, parents can maximise developmental outcomes and ensure timely, personalised interventions.